MOBILE WEB TECHNOLOGY

1. Definition of Mobile Web

           Mobile web aims to access wireless data services using mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDA and portable devices that are connected to a mobile telecommunications network. Mobile web accessed via mobile devices need to be designed taking into account the limitations of mobile devices such as a mobile phone that has a screen with a finite size or limitations on a mobile device.

In May 2005 issued by the mobile web in the name W3C's Mobile Web Initiative (MWI) with the aim of making the web can be accessed from a mobile device as simple as Web access from a desktop computer. In creating a mobile web requires implementation for improvement in terms of interoperability, usability and accessibility in a mobile web.

          Mobile Web is generally mild measuring every page written with Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) or Wireless Markup Language (WML) to deliver content to mobile devices. In addition, some techniques such as using Adobe Flash Lite or Sun J2ME that enables to make mobile devices more varied.

          Mobile web helped develop along with the development of web technologies. For example, when Web 2.0 technologies emerging web technology which is influenced by social factors. On the mobile Web is also known as the mobile web 2.0, which in short means bringing web 2.0 technologies into a mobile device. Can be described as opening a web 2.0 (for example, friendster, Flikr, blogs) to a mobile device.

          In simple mobile devices differ from desktop computers, so many factors that limit that should be noticed when building a mobile web, one of which is ketersedianya data in real time or periodic updates when ternyadi changes to data on the web. So to build a mobile 2.0 which considers the process of updating the data on a regular basis can be built using AJAX techniques or Flash Lite.

Mobile computers / mobile computing is a term used to describe the application on the device are small, portable, and wireless and mobile computing support komunikasi. including, among others:

-         Mobile phone

-         Weareble computing

-         Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

-         Smartphone

2. Prerequisites Mobile Web

          To build a mobile web has several aspects that must be considered, especially in hardware. In terms of the current condition of the network bandwidth, especially in Indonesia has been possible to obtain substantial bandwidth of cellular networks. Although it is still considering how bandwidthA efficiency so as to save cost is still relatively expensive.

In addition to the consideration of the limitations on mobile devices also need to be noticed, such as:

• The limitation of the speed of the processor in executing the process.
• Limitations of RAM
• The screen size is not too large, and also the physical difference in screen size and resolution for each device (although currently available browsers like Opera that can display the whole page as the browser on a PC).
• Limitations input on each mobile device.
• Battery life is different on each device.
• Also in terms of software, browser compatibility and support mobiles quite influential in running a mobile web.

3. Development of Mobile Technology

·  1G

          1G is the First Generation Mobile Technology. This technology marks the beginning of the start-industrial telecommunications industry in the world. At that time, characterized by a poor connection, the low level of security as well as capacity remains low. From this the beginning of a technologically advanced mobile phone "is born" and popping.

· 2G

          2G is a Second Generation Mobile Technology. Technology created as a successor of 1G is still used in many parts of the world, until now. 2G technology has a much better quality and security level is much higher. In this era, began the delivery of short messages (SMS), despite the limited data communications.

· 2.5G

          This technology is a transition period that is after 2G and before moving to 3G technology. This technology provides data transmission capacity jaug certainly greater. At this age, becoming known services - data services based on GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). In this era, the speed of transmission / access data reaches up to 56 kbps - 115 k

· 2.75G

          This technology is also a transition technology after technology made 2.5G and before moving to 3G technology. This technology provides data transmission capacity is much greater. In this era, began made with EDGE-based data services. In this era, access and data transmission speeds reach up to 236.8 kbps.

· 3G

          This technology was first put forward in Japan in 2001. This technology provides data transmission capacity is higher, so that this technology can be used for video conferencing, and also to high-speed internet access, downloading content such as pictures, songs, and videos, to stream both audio and video. In this era, increasing data access speeds up to 384 Kbps - 2 Mbps.

· 3.5G

          This technology is a technology transition before moving to 4G technology. In this era, data access speeds reach up to 14 Mbps for download and 5.8 Mbps in upload. Data transfer technology used is HSPA + technology.

· 4G

          This technology is the successor of 3G technology. This technology, providing a very complete and safe with IP-based (Internet Protocol) fully eg speed internet access up to 100 Mbps, the service playing online games, and multimedia streaming. There are two sub-categories of technology in the 4G era. The first is a continuation of 3G technology, a technology called LTE (Long Term Evolution). The second is the development of WiFi technology, ie technology WiMax.

· WiMax

          Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) wireless access technology is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA), which has high-speed access to a broad range. WiMAX is an evolution of the previous BWA technology with features that more interesting. Besides the high-speed data capable given, WiMAX is also a technology with open standards.

          In the sense of communication between several WiMAX devices of different vendors can still be done (not proprietary). With the large data rates (up to 70 MBps), WiMAX can be applied for broadband connection 'last mile', or backhaul. WiMAX technology is exactly the same as WIFI only that differentiate WiMAX with Wi-Fi is a standard technical join in. If the WiFi standard IEEE 802.11 combines with ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Intitute) HiperLAN as technical standards suitable for WLAN, and WiMAX is a merger between the IEEE 802.16 standard by ETSI HiperMAN standard.

          To make this technology can be used globally, then the WiMAX technology was created. Both a standard unified technical standards that have a specification that is suitable for providing various broadband connections through wireless media or known to the BWA.

4. Development of Mobile Application

· Native application

          Native applications are applications that run on mobile devices, and is accessed via an icon on the screen of your device, usually developed for one platform, made with a particular programming language to be able to run on a platform.

Examples of programming languages:

• IOS using objective-C programming language
• Android using Java
• Windows phone using Visual C ++. Net

The surplus native application:

• Generate interface look and feel natural with excellent,
• Have a good user experience
• Side visually appealing
• Secured in terms of quality and security him because it is controlled by each vendor
• Having full access to the mobile device (full paraphernalia of device-specific features) including the camera, gesture, and notifications
• To continue to work even when offline
• Performance is fast, and very good as written natively for a specific platform

Disadvantages native application:

• Development which is not easy because of using the environment, language API (Application Programming Interface) specific
• The application only works on a platform that is already in the beginning of the development spefikasikan
• The cost of development and maintenance more expensive obviously be taken into consideration, the cost will automatically increase if the development is done multiplatform
• Updates are performed periodically on the native app will create conditions in which there is a different version used by the user yag the native app
• Must pass through the approval process and the content restrictions that apply in the app store
• There can be downloaded on other iOS

Mobile web application

    Mobile Web Application is false application, because the application is actually a website called by mobile devices. Web app is generally written with HTML 5 and executed by the browser. First of all users access it by typing the URL address in the browser navigation and then accept to its "on their mobile devices by creating a bookmark for the page.

·        Excess mobile web application:

Ü  Can run well in all modern browsers on mobile platforms.

Ü  The development stage is very easy because it uses web technologies that already exist.

Ü  No need to learn a new language because it uses language that are familiar, namely HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.

Ü  The cost of application development is relatively smaller than native applications - depending on the complexity of the desired features. device-specific features or support offline.

Ü  Time to market more quickly because it does not need to create different applications for different operating systems.

Ü  Users do not need to be looking at the first application store for mobile access to the web.

·        Disadvantages mobile web application:

Ü  The ability of the application is very limited, they can not access the hardware features in a smartphone.

Ü  According to its characteristics, mobile web applications are only available online.

Ü  Performance is less stable and relies on the existing connectivity.

Ü  Must have 2 pieces domain.

·        Hybrid application

          Hybrid appication is a mobile application created and planted (install) directly inside a device, made using a programming language combined webs between the native application and mobile web application.Aplikasi seeks to combine the strengths approach HTML5 mobile web apps and native apps. Simply put, this approach will convert HTML5 mobile web apps to native smartphone applications targeted. To implement this necessary software support specific, the mobile application development framework.

Advantages of hybrid application:

• The use of mobile application framework enables access to hardware features, such as the accelerometer, camera, calendar, contacts, compass, storage, and geolocation.
• Enables the creation of applications online and offline.
• Support multi-platform that is not owned natively but the cost is more expensive than mobile web solutions.
• The process of development is much easier

Disadvantages of hybrid application:

• Requires software framework to help web-based mobile application development is stable and supports cross-platform.
• However, the performance of hybrid application is still not able to match the native application.
• Less than full support for native access native features of the device.
• Must pass through the approval process and the content restrictions that apply in the app store.

5. Development of Mobile Web

Mobile web development consists of two types:

·        Mobile website application

          Mobile websites are generally the same as the website created with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP. But the difference is made mobile website to be optimized with mobile display device such as a smartphone / tablet.

Advantages :

-         Create a mobile web easier than responsive websites.

-         Updating and displaying the news that matters.

-         Accessed via a relatively small screen, making it easier for the user.

Deficiency :

-         Must have 2 different URLs.

-         Need an extra charge for the second maitain website.

-         Usually made only with one screen size, so the smartphone example of a certain size.

Responsive website.

          Responsive websites are websites that can customize the look of the layout based on the size of the viewport of the device used ranging from smartphones, tablets or computers.

Advantages :

-         Only had one website but can be accessed by multiple devices with different screen sizes vary.

-         More cost-effective because there is only one website.

-         Only had one domain address.

-         With only have one website does not need effort and cost to marketing.

Deficiency :

-         Time with slow because it must meloading all da scrip existing image.

-         Annoying banner ad placement.

-         Development costs are higher due to the complexities involved in responsive websites.

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